《植物生理学报》 2014, 50(5): 577-584

我国土壤重金属污染植物吸取修复研究进展

胡鹏杰¹, 李柱¹, 钟道旭², 郑蕾娜¹, 居述云¹, 吴龙华^1,*, 骆永明^1,3

¹中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室, 南京210008; ²东南大学能源与环境学院, 教育部能源热转换及其过程测控教育部重点实验室, 南京210096; ³中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所, 中国科学院海岸带环境过程重点实验室, 烟台264003

通信作者：吴龙华；E-mail: lhwu@issas.ac.cn；Tel: 025-86881128

摘　要：

我国从上世纪90年代中后期开始土壤重金属(含类金属砷)污染的植物吸取修复研究及技术探索, 先后发现了一批具有较高研究价值和应用前景的铜、砷、镉、锰等重金属的积累或超积累植物, 并从重金属耐性和超积累生理机制、植物吸取修复的根际过程与机制、吸取修复强化措施和修复植物处置与资源化利用等方面进行了研究, 同时开展了植物吸取修复技术的示范与应用, 已有一些较成功的植物修复工程应用案例, 使我国重金属污染土壤植物修复技术, 尤其是植物吸取修复技术在国际上产生了较强的影响力。本文就近年来我国土壤重金属污染植物吸取修复研究进展进行了综述, 并对今后的发展趋势进行了展望。

关键词：土壤; 重金属; 植物吸取修复; 超积累植物; 安全处置; 发展趋势

收稿：2014-03-25   修定：2014-04-11

资助：国家自然科学基金(40930739和41325003)和国家高技术研究发展计划课题(2012AA06A204)。

Research Progress on the Phytoextraction of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils in China

HU Peng-Jie¹, LI Zhu¹, ZHONG Dao-Xu², ZHENG Lei-Na¹, JU Shu-Yun¹, WU Long-Hua^1,*, LUO Yong-Ming^1,3

¹Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; ²Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; ³Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China

Corresponding author: WU Long-Hua; E-mail: lhwu@issas.ac.cn; Tel: 025-86881128

Abstract:

From the late of 1990s, researches on phytoextraction for heavy metal (and metalloid element such as arsenic) contaminated soils were begun in China, and a number of plant species or varieties with high research value and application prospect that can accumulate/hyperaccumulate copper, arsenic, cadmium, manganese or other heavy metals were reported. Many researches have been conducted on physiological mechanisms of heavy metal tolerance and hyperaccumulation, rhizospheric processes and mechanisms of phytoextraction, enhancing measures of phytoextraction efficiency, post-harvest processing and resourceful use of metals, and so on. Moreover, a number of applied researches and demonstration were carried out, and there were some successful phytoremediation engineering application cases. These also enable the remediation technology of heavy metal contaminated soil, especially phytoextraction technology, to produce a strong influence in the world. In this paper, recent research progress on phytoextraction of heavy metal contaminated soils in China were reviewed, and future trends were also discussed.

Key words: soils; heavy metal; phytoextraction; hyperaccumulator; safe disposal; future trends